ETHICAL HACKING

FUNDAMENTAL OF ETHICAL HACKING

1)What is the difference between IP address and Mac address?

IP address: To every device IP address is assigned, so that device can be located on the network.  In other words IP address is like your postal address, where anyone who knows your postal address can send you a letter.

MAC (Machine Access Control) address: A MAC address is a unique serial number assigned to every network interface on every device.  Mac address is like your physical mail box, only your postal carrier (network router) can identify it and you can change it by getting a new mailbox (network card) at any time and slapping your name  (IP address) on it.

2)    List out some of the common tools used by Ethical hackers?

       Meta Sploit

       Wire Shark

       NMAP

       John The Ripper

       Maltego

3)    What are the types of ethical hackers?

The types of ethical hackers are

    Grey Box hackers or Cyberwarrior

    Black Box penetration Testers

    White Box penetration Testers

    Certified Ethical hacker

4)What is footprinting in ethical hacking? What is the techniques used for footprinting?

Footprinting refers accumulating and uncovering as much as information about the target network before gaining access into any network. The approach adopted by hackers before hacking

  Open Source Footprinting : It will look for the contact information of administrators that will be used in guessing the password in Social engineering

   Network Enumeration : The hacker tries to identify the domain names and the network blocks of the target network

     Scanning : Once the network is known, the second step is to spy the active IP addresses on the network.  For identifying active IP addresses (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol is an active IP addresses

     Stack Fingerprinting : Once the hosts and port have been mapped by scanning the network, the final footprinting step can be performed.  This is called Stack fingerprinting.

5)    Explain what is Brute Force Hack?

Brute force hack is a technique for hacking password and get access to system and network resources, it takes much time, it needs a hacker to learn about JavaScripts.  For this purpose, one can use tool name “Hydra”.

6)    7) Explain what is DOS (Denial of service) attack? What are the common forms of DOS attack?

Denial of Service, is a malicious attack on network that is done by flooding the network with useless traffic.  Although, DOS does not cause any theft of information or security breach, it can cost the website owner a great deal of money and time.

      1)Buffer Overflow Attacks

      2) SYN Attack

      3) Teardrop Attack

      4)Smurf Attack

      5)Viruses

7)  Explain what is SQL injection?

SQL is one of the technique used to steal data from organizations, it is a fault created in the application code.  SQL injection happens when you inject the content into a SQL query string and the result mode content into a SQL query string, and the result modifies the syntax of your query in ways you did not intend

8)What are the types of computer based social engineering attacks? Explain what is Phishing?

Computer based social engineering attacks are

      Phishing

      Baiting

      On-line scams

Phishing technique involves sending false e-mails, chats or website to impersonate real system with aim of stealing information from original website.

9)    Explain what is Network Sniffing?

A network sniffer monitors data flowing over computer network links. By allowing you to capture and view the packet level data on your network, sniffer tool can help you to locate network problems. Sniffers can be used for both stealing information off a network and also for legitimate network management.

10) Explain what is ARP Spoofing or ARP poisoning?

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a form of attack in which an attacker changes MAC ( Media Access Control) address and attacks an internet LAN by changing the target computer’s ARP cache with a forged ARP request and reply packets.

11) How you can avoid or prevent ARP poisoning?

ARP poisoning can be prevented by following methods

   Packet Filtering : Packet filters are capable for filtering out and blocking packets with conflicting source address information

   Avoid trust relationship : Organization should develop protocol that rely on trust relationship as little as possible

   Use ARP spoofing detection software : There are programs that inspects and certifies data before it is transmitted and blocks data that is spoofed

   Use cryptographic network protocols : By using secure communications protocols like TLS, SSH, HTTP secure prevents ARP spoofing attack by encrypting data prior to transmission and authenticating data when it is received

12) What is Mac Flooding?

Mac Flooding is a technique where the security of given network switch is compromised. In Mac flooding the hacker or attacker floods the switch with large number of frames, then what a switch can handle. This make switch behaving as a hub and transmits all packets at all the ports. Taking the advantage of this the attacker will try to send his packet inside the network to steal the sensitive information.

13) Explain what is DHCP Rogue Server?

A Rogue DHCP server is DHCP server on a network which is not under the control of administration of network staff. Rogue DHCP Server can be a router or modem.  It will offer users IP addresses , default gateway, WINS servers as soon as user’s logged in.  Rogue server can sniff into all the traffic sent by client to all other networks.

14) Explain what is Cross-site scripting and what are the types of Cross site scripting?

Cross site scripting is done by using the known vulnerabilities like web based applications, their servers or plug-ins users rely upon.  Exploiting one of these by inserting malicious coding into a link which appears to be a trustworthy source.  When users click on this link the malicious code will run as a part of the client’s web request and execute on the user’s computer, allowing attacker to steal information.

There are three types of Cross-site scripting

     Non-persistent

     Persistent

     Server side versus DOM based vulnerabilities

15) Explain what is Burp Suite, what are the tools it consist of?

Burp suite is an integrated platform used for attacking web applications. It consists of all the Burp tools required for attacking an application.  Burp Suite tool has same approach for attacking web applications like framework for handling HTTP request, upstream proxies, alerting, logging and so on.

The tools that Burp Suite has

     Proxy

     Spider

     Scanner

     Intruder

     Repeater

     Decoder

     Comparer

     Sequencer

16) Explain what is Pharming and Defacement?

   Pharming: In this technique the attacker compromises the DNS ( Domain Name System) servers or on the user computer so that traffic is directed to a malicious site

   Defacement: In this technique the attacker replaces the organization website with a different page.  It contains the hackers name, images and may even include messages and background music

17) Explain how you can stop your website getting hacked?

By adapting following method you can stop your website from getting hacked

    Sanitizing and Validating users parameters: By Sanitizing and Validating user parameters before submitting them to the database can reduce the chances of being attacked by SQL injection

   Using Firewall: Firewall can be used to drop traffic from suspicious IP address if attack is a simple DOS

    Encrypting the Cookies: Cookie or Session poisoning can be prevented by encrypting the content of the cookies, associating cookies with the client IP address and timing out the cookies after some time

   Validating and Verifying user input : This approach is ready to prevent form tempering by verifying and validating the user input before processing it

    Validating and Sanitizing headers :  This techniques is useful against cross site scripting or XSS, this technique includes validating and sanitizing headers, parameters passed via the URL, form parameters and hidden values to reduce XSS attacks

18) Explain what is Keylogger Trojan?

Keylogger Trojan is malicious software that can monitor your keystroke, logging them to a file and sending them off to remote attackers.  When the desired behaviour is observed, it will record the keystroke and captures your login username and password.

19) Explain what is Enumeration?

The process of extracting machine name, user names, network resources, shares and services from a system. Under Intranet environment enumeration techniques are conducted.

20) Explain what is NTP?

To synchronize clocks of networked computers, NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used.  For its primary means of communication UDP port 123 is used.  Over the public internet NTP can maintain time to within 10 milliseconds

21) Explain what is MIB?

MIB ( Management Information Base ) is a virtual database.  It contains all the formal description about the network objects that can be managed using SNMP.  The MIB database is hierarchical and in MIB each managed objects is addressed through object identifiers (OID).

22) Mention what are the types of password cracking techniques?

The types of password cracking technique includes

      AttackBrute Forcing

     AttacksHybrid

     AttackSyllable

     AttackRule

23) Explain what are the types of hacking stages?

The types of hacking stages are

     Gaining AccessEscalating

     PrivilegesExecuting

     ApplicationsHiding

     FilesCovering Tracks

24) Explain what is CSRF (Cross Site Request Forgery)? How you can prevent this?

CSRF or Cross site request forgery is an attack from a malicious website that will send a request to a web application that a user is already authenticated against from a different website. To prevent CSRF you can append unpredictable challenge token to each request and associate them with user’s session.  It will ensure the developer that the request received is from a valid source.

25) Difference between hacker and cracker ?

A cracker is one who breaks into or otherwise violates the system integrity of remote machines with malicious intent. Having gained unauthorized access, crackers destroy vital data, deny legitimate users service, or cause problems for their targets. Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious.

26) What is a hacker and what do they do?

Computer hackers are unauthorized users who break into computer systems in order to steal, change or destroy information, often by installing dangerous malware without your knowledge or consent. Their clever tactics and detailed technical knowledge help them access information you really don't want them to have.

27) What do you mean by ethical hacker?

Ethical hacking refers to the act of locating weaknesses and vulnerabilities of computer and information systems by duplicating the intent and actions of malicious hackers. Ethical hacking is also known as penetration testing, intrusion testing, or red teaming.

28) What is cracking in computer crime?

cracking - Computer Definition. Gaining unauthorized access to computer systems to commit a crime, such as digging into the code to make a copy-protected program run and flooding Internet sites, thus denying service to legitimate users. During a cracking exploit, important information can be erased or corrupted.

29) What language do hackers use most?

It's best, actually, to learn all five of Python, C/C++, Java, Perl, and LISP. Besides being the most important hacking languages, they represent very different approaches to programming, and each will educate you in valuable ways.

30) How much money does an ethical hacker make?

The average payout to a Certified Ethical Hacker is $71,331 per annum. The salary ranges from $24,760 to $111,502, with a bonus payout between $0.00 and $17,500. Thus the total salary is approximately between $24,760 – $132,322.

31) Is Cracking illegal?

A nukewar has shown that the protection may not kick in at any point for it to be a valid crack. The distribution of cracked copies is illegal in most countries. There have been lawsuits over cracking software. It might be legal to use cracked software in certain circumstances.

32) Why is cracking useful?

The actual reaction is known as homolytic fission and produces alkenes, which are the basis for the economically important production of polymers. Thermal cracking is currently used to "upgrade" very heavy fractions or to produce light fractions or distillates, burner fuel and/or petroleum coke.

33) What is a red hat hacker?

The term is now commonly used by security consultants who offer hacking/penetration testing as part of their services. "Black Hat" is the term that white-hat hackers and commentators often use to define malicious hackers who cause harm or break laws as part of their hacking exploits.

34) What is a blue hat hacker?

A blue hat hacker is someone outside computer security consulting firms who bug tests a system prior to its launch, looking for exploits so they can be closed. Blue Hat Hacker also refers to the security professional invited by Microsoft to find vulnerabilities in Windows.

35) What is a gray hat hacker?

The term "grey hat", alternatively spelled as "greyhat" or "gray hat", refers to a computer hacker or computer security expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker.

36) What is a black hacker?

A black hat hacker is a person who attempts to find computer security vulnerabilities and exploit them for personal financial gain or other malicious reasons.

37) What is an elite hacker?

Elite Hacker - Computer Definition. ... Unlike crackers, elite hackers avoid deliberately destroying information or otherwise damaging the computer systems they have exploited. See Also: Crackers; Computer Underground (CU); Neil Barrett; White Hats or Ethical Hackers or Samurai Hackers.

38) What is a white hat hacker?

A white hat hacker is a computer security specialist who breaks into protected systems and networks to test and asses their security. White hat hackers use their skills to improve security by exposing vulnerabilities before malicious hackers (known as black hat hackers) can detect and exploit them.

39) What is Armitage Kali?

Armitage is a scriptable red team collaboration tool for Metasploit that visualizes targets, recommends exploits, and exposes the advanced post-exploitation features in the framework. Through one Metasploit instance, your team will: Use the same sessions. Share hosts, captured data, and downloaded files.

40) What is an e mail hack?

Closed web-based services are managed by organizations who provide email accounts only to their members. Email is used by commercial and social websites because of its security. ... The main reason email accounts are hacked is to access the personal, sensitive, or confidential information that they might contain.

41) What is an email attack?

In Internet usage, an email bomb is a form of net abuse consisting of sending huge volumes of email to an address in an attempt to overflow the mailbox or overwhelm the server where the email address is hosted in a denial-of-service attack.

42) Which software is used by hackers?

A hacking tool is a program designed to assist with hacking, or a piece of software which can be used for hacking purposes. Examples include Nmap, Nessus, John the Ripper, p0f, and Winzapper..

43) Who is the best hacker in the India?

Here are 11 best Indian hackers we all should know of.

v  Rahul Tyagi. Rahul Tyagi. | ...

v  Pranav Mistry. Source: vulcanpost.com. ...

v  Ankit Fadia. Ankit Fadia. ...

v  Koushik Dutta. Koushik Dutta. ...

v  Vivek Ramachandran. Vivek Ramachandran. ...

v  Trishneet Arora. Trishneet Arora. ...

v  Sunny Vaghela. Sunny Vaghela. ...

v  Benild Joseph. Benild Joseph.

44) What is smoking crack?

Crack cocaine, also known simply as crack, is a free base form of cocaine that can be smoked. Crack offers a short but intense high to smokers. The Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most "addictive" (effective) form of cocaine.

45) What is the use of patch file?

The patch file (also called a patch for short) is a text file that consists of a list of differences and is produced by running the related diff program with the original and updated file as arguments. Updating files with patch is often referred to as applying the patch or simply patching the files.

46) What is a remote hacker?

A remote attack is a malicious action that targets one or a network of computers. The remote attack does not affect the computer the attacker is using. Instead, the attacker will find vulnerable points in a computer or network's security software to access the machine or system.

47) Can you get a computer virus just by opening an email?

Most viruses, Trojan horses, and worms are activated when you open an attachment or click a link contained in an email message. If your email client allows scripting, then it is possible to get a virus by simply opening a message. It's best to limit what HTML is available in your email messages.

48) What is a spoof call?

Caller ID spoofing is the practice of causing the telephone network to indicate to the receiver of a call that the originator of the call is a station other than the true originating station.

49) Is it illegal to spoof a phone number?

Under the Truth in Caller ID Act, FCC rules prohibit any person or entity from transmitting misleading or inaccurate caller ID information with the intent to defraud, cause harm, or wrongly obtain anything of value. If no harm is intended or caused, spoofing is not illegal.

50) What is meant by spoofing attack?

A spoofing attack is when a malicious party impersonates another device or user on a network in order to launch attacks against network hosts, steal data, spread malware or bypass access controls. There are several different types of spoofing attacks that malicious parties can use to accomplish this.

51) What is a spoofing hack?

In general, the term spoof refers to hacking or deception that imitates another person, software program, hardware device, or computer, with the intentions of bypassing security measures. One of the most commonly known spoofings is IP spoofing.

52) Is ethical hacking legal?

Yes, its Legal cause an Ethical hacker is a computer and networking expert who systematically attempts to penetrate a computer system or network on behalf of its owners for the purpose of finding security vulnerabilities that a malicious hacker could potentially exploit. ... Ethical hacking is a legal way of hacking.

53) What is cracking in cyber crime?

cracking - Computer Definition. Gaining unauthorized access to computer systems to commit a crime, such as digging into the code to make a copy-protected program run and flooding Internet sites, thus denying service to legitimate users. During a cracking exploit, important information can be erased or corrupted.

54) What is Virus?

A computer virus is a program, script, or macro designed to cause damage, steal personal information, modify data, send e-mail, display messages, or some combination of these actions.

When the virus is executed, it spreads by copying itself into or over data files, programs, or boot sector of a computer's hard drive, or potentially anything else writable. To help spread an infection, the virus writers use detailed knowledge of security vulnerabilities, zero days, or social engineering to gain access to a host's computer.