1. Binary search can be applied on ___.
Sorted list
Unsorted list
Both A and B
Any list with any elements
Explanation:
Binary search can only be applied on a sorted list. It is a search algorithm that works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. In each step, the algorithm compares the middle element of the interval to the target value, and based on the comparison, it either continues the search on the lower half of the interval or the upper half of the interval. Since binary search relies on the assumption that the input list is sorted, it cannot be applied on an unsorted list. Therefore, the correct answer is A: sorted list.
2.Which of the following is a Waveform Audio File Format.
Wav
Wave
Wv
Waves
The correct answer is A and B
4 .State True or False: In the monte hall problem, swapping the choice does not increase the chance of winning. (For the large number of experiments)
Swapping will decrease the chance of winning.
Swapping will increase the chance of winning.
Swapping will not affect the chance of winning.
Swapping may or may not increase the chance of winning.
Explanation:
True. In the Monty Hall problem, swapping the choice will increase the chance of winning. This counterintuitive result is based on the fact that the host's decision to reveal a non-winning door after the player has made their initial choice creates new information that can be used to the player's advantage. By swapping, the player can take advantage of this new information and increase their chances of selecting the winning door. This has been mathematically proven and has been confirmed in numerous experiments. Therefore, the correct option is "Swapping will increase the chance of winning."
5.What is the correct way to initialize a dictionary?
D = {a-10, b-20, c-30}
D = {‘a’-10, ‘b’-20, ‘c’-30}
D = {a:10, b:20, c:30}
D = {‘a’:10, ‘b’:20, ‘c’:30}
Explanation:
The correct way to initialize a dictionary in Python is:
D = {'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 30}
In this syntax, the keys 'a', 'b', and 'c' are mapped to the respective values 10, 20, and 30 using a colon (:) between the key and value pairs. The keys can be of any hashable type such as strings, numbers, or tuples, and the values can be of any data type.
The other options are incorrect because they use invalid syntax for dictionary initialization in Python:
D = {a-10, b-20, c-30} uses a hyphen instead of a colon to separate the key-value pairs, and the keys 'a', 'b', and 'c' are not defined as strings or variables.
D = {'a'-10, 'b'-20, 'c'-30} suffers from the same issues as the first option.
D = {a:10, b:20, c:30} uses variables as keys without defining them first, which will result in a NameError. Also, the keys should be enclosed in quotes to be recognized as strings.
6.What is the correct syntax to get all the keys only from a dictionary d?
d.key()
d.item()
d.value()
d.keys()
Explanation:
The correct syntax to get all the keys only from a dictionary in Python is:
d.keys()
This will return a view object that contains all the keys in the dictionary 'd'. The view object behaves like a set and can be iterated over or converted to a list if necessary.
The other options are incorrect because:
d.key() is not a valid method for dictionaries in Python. It should be 'd.keys()' instead.
d.item() is also not a valid method. It should be 'd.items()' if you want to get both keys and values as pairs.
d.value() is also not a valid method. It should be 'd.values()' if you want to get all the values in the dictionary.
7.Which of the following is valid?.
D = {'a': {'a': 10}, 'b': 10}
D = {'a': 'a': 10, 'b': 10}
D = {'a': {'a': 10}, 'b': {'b': 10}}
D = {'a': 'a': 10, 'b': 'b': 10}
Explanation:
The valid option among the given choices is:
D = {'a': {'a': 10}, 'b': 10}
This creates a dictionary with two key-value pairs. The key 'a' maps to another dictionary {'a': 10}, and the key 'b' maps to the value 10. This is a valid syntax for creating nested dictionaries in Python.
The other options are invalid because:
D = {'a': 'a': 10, 'b': 10} has a syntax error because it tries to map a value directly to the key 'a', which is not enclosed in another dictionary.
D = {'a': {'a': 10}, 'b': {'b': 10}} is also valid and creates a dictionary with two key-value pairs where both the keys 'a' and 'b' map to their respective nested dictionary {'a': 10} and {'b': 10}.
D = {'a': 'a': 10, 'b': 'b': 10} has the same syntax error as the first option, where it tries to map a value directly to the key 'a' and 'b'.
8.For bubble sort, which of the following statements is true?
If the list is sorted, the algorithm won’t work.
In each iteration consecutive pairs of elements are compared with each other.
Every element is compared with every other element in the list in each iteration.
Swapping never happens in bubble sort.
Explanation:
For bubble sort, the statement "In each iteration consecutive pairs of elements are compared with each other" is true.
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list to be sorted, compares each pair of adjacent items and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. In each iteration, the largest element bubbles up to the end of the list, hence the name "bubble sort". The algorithm stops when no more swaps are needed, indicating that the list is sorted.
The other statements are false:
If the list is already sorted, bubble sort will still work, but it will require the same number of iterations as an unsorted list. In this case, the algorithm will perform unnecessary comparisons and swaps but will still produce a sorted list.
Bubble sort only compares consecutive pairs of elements, not every element with every other element in the list in each iteration. This makes the algorithm less efficient than other sorting algorithms, such as quicksort or mergesort, which have better average-case and worst-case time complexity.
Swapping does occur in bubble sort. The algorithm swaps adjacent elements if they are out of order in each iteration to sort the list.
9.Which error is faced while accessing an element that is not there in a dictionary?
KeyError
IndexError
RunTimeError
ValueError
Explanation:
The error faced while accessing an element that is not there in a dictionary is a KeyError.
A KeyError is raised when you try to access a key in a dictionary that does not exist. This can happen when you use the square bracket notation to get the value associated with a key, like my_dict[key], and key is not a valid key in the dictionary my_dict.
For example, consider the following code:
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
value = my_dict['d'] # Raises KeyError
In this code, the key 'd' is not present in the dictionary my_dict, so trying to access it with my_dict['d'] will raise a KeyError.
10.In dictionaries, d.items() will return _
Pairs of all (key, value) together.
All (keys) and (values) separately.
All (values) and (keys) separately.
Pairs of all (value, key) together.
Explanation:
In dictionaries, d.items() will return pairs of all (key, value) together.
d.items() is a dictionary method that returns a view object that contains key-value pairs of the dictionary d. The items in the view object are returned as tuples, where the first element of the tuple is the key and the second element is the value.
For example, consider the following code:
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
items = my_dict.items()
print(items)
Output:
dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])
In this code, my_dict.items() returns a view object containing tuples of all (key, value) pairs in the dictionary my_dict.
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